Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) – Overview & Popular Varieties
What is Coriander?
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is an annual herb from the Apiaceae family, widely cultivated for both its fresh leaves (known as cilantro) and dried seeds. The seeds carry a warm, citrusy flavor and are key ingredients in spice mixes like garam masala and curry powder.
- Scientific Name: Coriandrum sativum
- Family: Apiaceae
- Origin: Mediterranean region
- Plant Type: Herbaceous annual
- Height: 50–100 cm
- Seed Appearance: Round, light to yellowish-brown
- Essential Oil Content: 0.3% – 1.0% (primarily linalool)
Ideal Growing Conditions
- Soil: Well-drained sandy loam
- Climate: Cool and dry
- Sowing Time: October–November
- Harvesting Time: February–March
Popular Coriander Varieties in India
- Co.1 (Coimbatore 1): Developed by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, matures in 90–100 days, yield 8–10 quintals/ha, light brown medium-sized seeds, moderate pest resistance.
- Co.2 (Coimbatore 2): Matures in 100–110 days, yield 10–12 quintals/ha, bold seeds with strong aroma, tolerant to powdery mildew.
- Co.3 (Coimbatore 3): Matures in 90–100 days, yield 10–12 quintals/ha, medium-sized seeds with high oil content, wilt resistant.
- CS 287: Developed by Rajasthan Agricultural University, matures in 110–120 days, yield 12–14 quintals/ha, small golden-yellow seeds, fusarium wilt resistant.
- RCr-20: Matures in 120–130 days, yield 12–15 quintals/ha, medium-sized light brown seeds, resistant to stem gall.
- RCr-435: Matures in 110–120 days, yield 12–14 quintals/ha, medium-sized seeds rich in essential oil, wilt resistant.
- RCr-728: Matures in 100–110 days, yield 10–12 quintals/ha, bold seeds with strong aroma, resistant to aphids and powdery mildew.
- ACr-1: Developed by Anand Agricultural University, matures in 100–110 days, yield 12–14 quintals/ha, large aromatic seeds, resistant to stem gall and powdery mildew.
- AGCr-1: Matures in 110–120 days, yield 14–16 quintals/ha, small dark brown seeds, fusarium wilt resistant.